Оценка эффективности ранней идентификации возгораний материалов по результатам регистрации газообразных продуктов пиролиза
| Parent link: | Пожарная безопасность.— , 1991- № 3.— 2022.— [С. 17-28] |
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| Summary: | Заглавие с экрана Приведены результаты численных и экспериментальных исследований концентраций основных компонентов продуктов пиролиза горючего строительного и отделочного материала (на примере древесины). Установлены значения времени задержки срабатывания пожарных извещателей перспективных типов. Показано, что обнаружение газообразных продуктов пиролиза с использованием газоанализатора и пожарных извещателей пламени происходит за существенно меньшее время по сравнению со временем их обнаружения тепловыми и дымовыми извещателями. На основе результатов анализа концентраций газов в непосредственной близости от изучаемых материалов выделены необходимые и достаточные технические решения по раннему обнаружению возгораний. The work of fire extinguishing systems or fire brigades usually occurs when damage to health, equipment and personnel has already occurred. Therefore, it is especially urgent to create systems for early detection of fires in buildings according to the gas concentrations. This approach creates objective prerequisites for registering signs of incipient stages of fires. This paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the concentrations of the pyrolysis products of a potentially combustible building and finishing material (wood). Also, the response times of various types of fire detectors (thermal fire detector, wired and wireless smoke detector, flame fire detector, gas analyzer) were experimentally determined for further comparison of their response inertia. The authors use the box isolated from the external environment (with dimensions of 1,5 x 1 x 1,25 m) for experimental studies. Box includes ventilation system, recording devices (gas analysis system, heat and smoke fire detectors, flame fire detectors), as well as a personal computer for collecting and recording information. The concentration ranges of the pyrolysis products were analyzed using a Test-1 gas analyzer. The mathematical model of thermal decomposition of a solid material permitting to analyze the concentrations of the main products of pyrolysis of a combustible material was developed using a complex COMSOL Multiphysics. The results of experimental research and mathematical modeling are in satisfactory agreement. It is shown that the recording of pyrolysis products of combustible materials occurs in a shorter time (compared to the recording of other signs of fire (smoke formation, rise of temperature). The developed mathematical model can be used to determine the ranges of concentrations of gaseous products of wood pyrolysis. Режим доступа: по договору с организацией-держателем ресурса |
| Language: | Russian |
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2022
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2022.29.27.001 |
| Format: | Electronic Book Chapter |
| KOHA link: | https://koha.lib.tpu.ru/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=669631 |